ࡱ> ZYR(X / 00DTimes New Roman(0(:A 0 DArial Narrowan(0(:A 0 " DArialNarrowan(0(:A 0 0DMonotype Sorts(0(:A 0 @ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` LD`F     & 0AAPf3f3@8 g4YdYd@:A 0bppp@ <4!d!dl$ 0tC<4BdBdl$ 0tCʚ;ʚ;<4ddddlT# 0Xr0___PPT10 2___PPT9/ 0? %O0;Becky Cooper--#Distinguishing Types of Information English 102: Argumentation Becky Cooper Adapted from Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Psychological Issues, 6th ed. by Joseph Rubinstein and Brent Slife and Elements of Argument by Annette T. Rottenberg, 6th ed.B)3D1#,(  ZTo address issues constructively, we must examine the evidence before drawing conclusions.[[lDistinguish between fact and opinion Distinguish between evidence based on data and evidence based on valueszm$$f$ $f$$f$$fImportant Terms8Fact Opinion Values Hypothesis Data Evidence Conclusions99$ ZFact: information that we accept because it is widely agreed to be true or can be verified"[fV5New facts change old facts. Consensus changes facts. 66$ {Opinion: a judgment made by an individual who interprets the data in terms of his or her personal experience and knowledge *|frDon t confuse opinions with objective evidence that can be measured or observed. Some opinions are more valuable than others.~~$ Values: ideas held by an individual or group about the way things ought to be; ideas that act as standards for judging what is right or wrong, worthwhile or worthless, beautiful or ugly, good or bad"fCertain values have a greater personal and social impact than others. Pairs of values collide both within and between individuals.$ ?Values Assumptions: unstated assertions about values priorities"@f-A writer s unstated values priorities will largely determine her conclusion (claim) and how she chooses to support it.ww$OHypothesis: a statement of how at least two events or conditions may be related"P fEHypotheses are guesses. The purpose of a hypothesis is to make clear what events or conditions must be investigated. Definitions for the terms in a hypothesis are crucial. A hypothesis may be accepted or rejected, depending on the outcome of research.  VData: the recorded observations and measurements collected in a research investigation"WfRData may be a collection of numbers (statistics). Data may be a collection of facts and observations. Data are not conclusions.$ cEvidence: the application of data to confirm or reject a hypothesis that has been previously stated"d f[Using data (statistics, facts, observations) to draw conclusions Using the opinions (interpretation of facts) of experts to draw conclusionsj$$fA$$f$ $f$ YConclusions: the final inferences (interpretations of the facts) concerning the evidence *Z fL /P ` 3ff` ` ___>?" dF@0?n2d@uK FA@ " d`  n?" dd@   @@``PR   @ ` `PBp>> % ld( = j2  B?   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Cooperlo17eMicrosoft PowerPoint 7.0nfo@0S@@K#r@`aGN#g  J  x-- @ !x--'--%]]--'&&--- @ IZ----- @ IZI---- @ IZ [---- @ IZg---- @ IZ u---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ )---- @ IZ 3---- @ IZ=---- @ IZO---- @ IZi---k&&&--&&- && &J$#..02 5'8/=6B=HDNKVR^Xf^odyjpuz%5EUfww.& &&-J$#..02 5'8/=6B=HDNKVR^Xf^odyjpuz%5EUfww.-&&&&&-&&&TNPP--- @ IZ----- @ IZI---- @ IZ [---- @ IZg---- @ IZ u---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ ---- @ IZ )---- @ IZ 3---- @ IZ=---- @ IZO---- @ IZi--- '&&TNPP''@"Arial Narrow-. 3f2 ULDistinguishing      ."System@-@"Arial Narrow-. 3f%2 LTypes of Information   " .-@Arial-. 3.2 LEnglish 102: Argumentation       .-@Arial-. 32 L Becky Cooper   .-@Arial-. 2 L Adapted from g   .-@Arial-. 72  Taking Sides: Clashing Views on          .-@Arial-. =2 L$Controversial Psychological Issues,          .-@Arial-. 2 X 6th ed. by m    .-@Arial-. 12 4LJoseph Rubinstein and Brent         .-@Arial-. 2 4&Slifee  .-@Arial-.  2 4Land .-@Arial-. 2 4l Elements of     .-@Arial-. 2 HLArgument   .-@Arial-. 2 Hby Annette T.    .-@Arial-. 2 H Rottenberg   .-@Arial-. 2 HR , 6th ed.g   .-՜.+,0    sOn-screen ShowOLYMPIC COLLEGEj) { Times New Roman Arial NarrowArialMonotype SortsDefault Design$Distinguishing Types of Information[To address issues constructively, we must examine the evidence before drawing conclusions.Important Terms[Fact: information that we accept because it is widely agreed to be true or can be verified|Opinion: a judgment made by an individual who interprets the data in terms of his or her personal experience and knowledge Values: ideas held by an individual or group about the way things ought to be; ideas that act as standards for judging what is right or wrong, worthwhile or worthless, beautiful or ugly, good or bad@Values Assumptions: unstated assertions about values prioritiesPHypothesis: a statement of how at least two events or conditions may be relatedWData: the recorded observations and measurements collected in a research investigationdEvidence: the application of data to confirm or reject a hypothesis that has been previously statedZConclusions: the final inferences (interpretations of the facts) concerning the evidence  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles )_i Rebecca R. CooperRebecca R. Cooper  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHJKLMNOPRSTUVWX[Root EntrydO)Current UserQSummaryInformation(6$PowerPoint Document(jDocumentSummaryInformation8I